Linux Directory Structure

Directory	Contents
/	Root directory—the starting point of the directory tree.
/bin	Essential binary files, such as commands that are needed by both the system administrator and normal users. Usually also contains the shells, such as Bash.
/boot	Static files of the boot loader.
/dev	Files needed to access host-specific devices.
/etc	Host-specific system configuration files.
/home	Holds the home directories of all users who have an account on the system. Only root’s home directory is not located in /home but in /root.
/lib	Essential shared libraries and kernel modules.
/media	Mount points for removable media.
/mnt	Mount point for temporarily mounting a file system.
/opt	Add-on application software packages.
/root	Home directory for the superuser root.
/sbin	Essential system binaries.
/srv	Data for services provided by the system.
/tmp	Temporary files.
/usr	Secondary hierarchy with read-only data.
/var	Variable data such as log files.
/windows	Only available if you have both Microsoft Windows* and Linux installed on your system. Contains the Windows data.

MyDNS + MyDNSConfig installation and configuration

MyDNS is a free DNS server for UNIX. It was implemented from scratch and is designed to serve records directly from an SQL database (currently either MySQL or PostgreSQL).

Its primary objectives are stability, security, interoperability, and speed, though not necessarily in that order. MyDNS does not include recursive name service, nor a resolver library. It is primarily designed for organizations with many zones and/or resource records who desire the ability to perform real-time dynamic updates on their DNS data via MySQL.

MyDNS starts and is ready to answer questions immediately, no matter how much DNS data you have in the database. It supports a few frills, including round robin DNS, dynamic load balancing, and outgoing AXFR for non-MyDNS nameservers and is licensed under the GNU General Public License.

Installation:
First make sure you have a working setup of Apache and mysql

Download MyDNSConfig:
# wget http://mesh.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/mydnsconfig/MyDNSConfig-1.1.0.tar.gz
# tar xvfz MyDNSConfig-1.1.0.tar.gz
# cd MyDNSConfig-1.1.0
# mkdir /srv/www/htdocs/mydnsconfig
# cp -rf interface/* /srv/www/htdocs/mydnsconfig

Above “/srv/www/htdocs/” is my web directory

Mysql database setup::
# mysql -u root -p

> CREATE DATABASE mydns;
> GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON mydns.* TO ‘mydns’@'localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘mydnspassword’;
> GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON mydns.* TO ‘mydns’@'localhost.localdomain’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘mydnspassword’;
> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
> quit;

Replace the word mydnspassword in the above commands with a password of your choice.

Install the MyDNSConfig MySQL Database:
# mysql -u root -p mydns < MyDNSConfig-1.1.0/install/mydnsconfig.sql

Edit the MyDNSConfig configuration; please make sure you fill in the correct database settings:
# vi /srv/www/htdocs/mydnsconfig/lib/config.inc.php

$conf["db_type"]        = ‘mysql’;
$conf["db_host"]        = ‘localhost’;
$conf["db_database"]        = ‘mydns’;
$conf["db_user"]        = ‘mydns’;
$conf["db_password"]        = ‘mydnspassword’;

Installing MyDNS
# wget http://mydns.bboy.net/download/mydns-mysql-1.1.0-1.i386.rpm
# rpm -ivh mydns-mysql-1.1.0-1.i386.rpm

Open the MyDNS configuration file /etc/mydns.conf, fill in the correct database details, allow zone transfers by setting allow-axfr to yes, enable TCP (allow-tcp = yes), and specify a recursive resolver (i.e., a valid nameserver, e.g. from your ISP; e.g. recursive = 213.191.92.86) so that MyDNS can answer queries for domains that it isn’t authoritative for:

# vi /etc/mydns.conf

Finally start the mydns server
# /etc/init.d/mydns start

To log in to the MyDNSConfig interface, open a web browser and enter enter the following URL:

http:///mydnsconfig/

Replace with the IP address of your server.

The default username and password of MyDNSConfig are:

Username: admin
Password: admin

What would happen if “The Matrix” run on Windows

watch this video

http://www.collegehumor.com/video:1886349

and good luke

Gizmo5 – Complete VOIP solution

Gizmo5 is a great way to connect with friends and family who can also use the system. As long as the other person is using Gizmo the call is free. This is good news if the user will be a frequent caller to an out of state or out of country area.

Beyond calling to other Gizmo users it is possible to call landlines and mobile phones as well. The rates are relatively inexpensive to use this feature. Many people will like the company’s integration with AIM and MSN, which will add his/her buddy list into Gizmo.

Gizmo5 has many features which are lacking in other VoIP application and particularly Skype, even though it’s the most popular VoIP software. One notable feature of Gizmo5 is the interoperability with other services because of their use of open standards for call management – the SIP and Jabber. On top of that, Gizmo is a lot cheaper than Skype and offers some features for free which otherwise cost money with Skype, free Voice mail for instance

Other features include Voicemail, chatting, and avatar uploads so each person can see whom he/she is talking to.

Installation
Gizmo5 offers several packages for Linux users, including RPM, .deb, binary tarball, and Click ‘N Run versions. I used the RPM version, which worked fine under both openSUSE and Mandriva. Installation just requires running
# rpm -Uvh gizmo-project-3.1.0.79-1.i386.rpm.

Requirements
GTK+ 2.6 or higher
GConf2
libstdc++ (v6)
ALSA

OpenSuse user can use following command to install/upgrade the required pacakage:

# yast2 –install gtk2 gconf alsa

After installation completes, you’ll find Gizmo5 in the Internet section of your system menu; the program appears as Gizmo Project or start from the Terminal as: gizmo and you should see something like ..

You can register or login with existing credentials

Video editing and processing — Avidemux

Avidemux is open-source software for editing and processing video. It runs on a number of different operating systems including Linux.

Avidemux is a free video editor designed for simple cutting, filtering and encoding tasks. It supports many different types of video media, including AVI, DVD compatible MPEG files, MP4 and ASF, using a variety of codecs. Tasks can be automated using projects, job queue and powerful scripting capabilities.

Supported input formats:
AVI, OpenDML, MPEG, ASF, NuppelVideo, H.263(+), MPEG-4, QuickTime, 3GP, MP4, OGM, and Images

Supported output formats:
AVI (including H.264), MPEG, MPEG PS A+V, MPEG TS A+V, IGM, and MP4

Built-in decoders for video decoding predominately from the libavcodec library. Formats supported: Cinepak, DV, CRAM, FFV1, H.263, H.264, HuffYUV, MJPEG, MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, MS MPEG-4, Raw RGB, Raw YV12, SVQ3, VP3, VP6F, WMV2, and WMV3

Audio codecs for decoding:
MP2, MP3, AC3, DCA, Vorbis, AMR Narrow Band, and AAC

Video codecs for encoding:
DVD, FFHuffYUV, FFV1, H.263, H.263+, HuffYUV, MJPEG, MPEG-4, Snow, VCD, SVCD, XVCD, x264, and Xvid

Audio codecs for encoding:
MP2, MP3, Vorbis, AAC, AC-3, WAV PCM, and LPCM

Features include:
* WYSIWYG cutting and appending
* Bitrate calculator
* Muxing and demuxing of audio streams into and out of video files
* Specialist project system using the SpiderMonkey ECMAScript language for scripting in both GUI and console modes
* Project queueing system
* Subtitle processing support, including Optical Character Recognition, and hard subtitle VobSub.
* Large set of built-in filters
* Some multithreading capabilities

Installation
OpenSuse 11 user can use “1-click” installer to install the pacakage – here
Ubuntu user can download the pacakage – here

Webmin installation and configuration on OpenSuSe

Webmin, developed by Jamie Cameron, acts as a comprehensive interface to the underlying applications on servers, including support for configuring applications like ftp, ssh, mail, Web, databases and more. Differing from other control panels, the core Webmin interface is intended for system administrators with root access to their servers, and includes a user-based package to enable your users (or clients) to access their own domains, email, and more, within a limited scope. Webmin supports running under SSL.

The application runs on its own mini-Web server so as to be available even when your primary Web server software is not running (i.e. Apache, etc.), and is powered by a number of Perl-based applications that directly interface with your system configuration files. According to Webmin, the entire solution is built on Perl 5 and uses no non-standard Perl modules.

Installing the RPM

You need to use RPM version of Webmin, first download the file and then run the command :

# rpm -ivh webmin-1.441-1.noarch.rpm

The rest of the install will be done automatically to the directory /usr/libexec/webmin, the administration username set to root and the password to your current root password. You should now be able to login to Webmin at the URL http://localhost:10000/

Configuring Your Firewall For Webmin

Many operating systems block access to port 10000 by default, as they have a firewall activated as part of the installation process. This may prevent you from logging into http://yourserver:10000/ from another system on your network or over the Internet.

The simplest way to open up port 10000 is to use one of the Webmin firewall management modules, such as Linux Firewall, BSD Firewall or IPFilter Firewall. However, to access this you’ll need to run a brower on the same system as Webmin, and access it via the URL http://localhost:10000/.

The alternative is to login as root via SSH, and manually edit the firewall configuration file. On Redhat and derived systems, this is /etc/sysconfig/iptables, while on Debian it is /var/lib/iptables. The line you need to add is :

-A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp –dport 10000 -j ACCEPT

It should be added in the file just after similar lines which grant access to ports 80, 22 and so on.

Once this line has been added, you will need to apply the firewall configuration. This is typically done with the command /etc/init.d/iptables restart .

DJ’ing (DJ software) on Linux

Mixxx is designed for DJ’ing for both professional and semi-professional users. Mixxx was started in early 2001 as one of the first digital DJ systems.

Today Mixxx includes many features common to digital DJ solutions, but also some very unique features: It is free, and runs on all major desktop operating systems.

Furthermore Mixxx has a number of key features to help the DJ in the live mix: Beat estimation, parallel visual displays, and support for many DJ input controllers.

Mixxx is software for DJ’ing. You can use wave based audio files, Ogg Vorbis and MP3 files as audio input. Mixxx can be controlled through the GUI and with external controllers including MIDI devices, joysticks and more.

Feature:
* BPM estimation: Mixxx measures the BPM of each song to help you beat match faster.
* Parallel waveform displays: See the beats in songs line up when mixing and quickly spot drift.
* Waveform summaries: Visually see the dynamics of an entire track, just like with vinyl.
* MP3 / OGG / WAVE / FLAC playback: Mix your tracks without converting your collection.
* Pitch-independent time stretch: Change the speed of a song without altering the pitch.
* Vinyl emulation: Adjust the pitch of a song, just like on a real turntable.
* Wave Recording: Save your mixes on-the-fly.

and many more …

Installation:
OpenSuse 11.1 user can use “single click” installer to install the application – here

عجز Metasploit تغطيه W3af

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته

ربما كل من أستعمل Metasploit يعمل تماماً بإن هذه الـ framework فيها عيوب ونواقص … صحيح هي من أروع البيئات التطويرية لإكتشاف الثغرات وتطوير الإستغلال المناسب لها … وأيضاً مستعملة في إختبار الإختراق ولكن يعيبها أمرين:
الأول: هي غير قادرة على اكتشاف الثغرات في الـ Web Application …
ثانياً: هي غير قادرة على اكتشاف مشاكل وثغرات الـ SQL Injection ..

ولهذا بعد البحث حسب رأيي أعتقد إنه أصبح يمكن تلافيها من خلال إستعمال Wa3f والذي هي إختصار لـ Web Application Attack and Audit Framework وكما تلاحظون من الإسم فهو بيئة مخصصة لإكتشاف المشاكل والثغرات في برمجيات الويب Web Application … الهدف كما ذكره الموقع الرسمي للبيئة هو عمل بيئة عمل لإكتشاف وإستغلال الثغرات الموجودة في برمجيات الويب والتي يمكن بسهولة إستخدامها والإضافة عليها … يعني لها نفس الأهداف التي للـ Metasploit ولكن هذه موجهة لبيئة معينة من التطبيقات …

المشروع/البيئة تحتوي على أكثر من 130 برنامج ملحق Plugin تقوم بفحص إن كان هناك SQL Injection أو Cross Site Scripting أي XSS وأيضاً لديها الإمكانيات للبحث عن LFI و RFI …

تحميل المشروع | دليل استخدام المشروع | عرض للمشروع | FAQ | الموقع الرسمي

أنصحكم بقراءة الـ FAQ فهي جداً مفيدة وممكن تتعرفون الى تفاصيل أكثر من ما ذكر هنا … وعلى كل حال إن شاء الله قريباً أحاول شرح كيفية ربط المشروع W3af مع مشروع Metasploit …

تريد تركيبه؟ أنصحك بإستخدام svn في عمل ذلك … أو تابع الموقع الرسمي لكيفية التحميل والتركيب … أما لو أحببت تركيبه من خلال svn فكل ما عليك فعله هو الذهاب الى المكان الذي تريد تحميل المشروع أليه وليكن المجلد الرئيسي لك ومن ثم تنفيذ الأمر:

كود:

svn co https://w3af.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/w3af/trunk w3af

الشكر الخالص للأخ بينري — من مجتمع اللينكس العربي

تثبيت البرامج من المصدر ، إضافة + تابع

تحدثنا في المرة الفارطة عن كيفية تثبيت البرامج من ا لمصدر في اللينكس طبعا

و أود أن أضيف له شيئا

لو تحب تتفادى بعض مشاكل التنصيب -البعض فقط- نصب التالي

1. gcc

1. build-essentialللتوزيعات الديبيانية ومابُني عليها مثل ubuntu
2. make
3. g++
4. automake
5. autoconf
6. glibc-devel

Ubuntu-8-10-Desktop-Customization-Guide

visite this URL

http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-8-10-Desktop-Customization-Guide-100830.shtml

good luke